{"id":34228,"date":"2024-06-30T08:00:34","date_gmt":"2024-06-30T06:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.asparagusworld.com\/?post_type=news&p=34228"},"modified":"2025-07-08T09:30:18","modified_gmt":"2025-07-08T09:30:18","slug":"how-the-greeks-grow-asparagus","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/befve.com\/es\/news\/how-the-greeks-grow-asparagus\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment les Grecs cultivent les asperges"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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D. Gkouderis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La surface totale cultiv\u00e9e en Gr\u00e8ce en 2021 \u00e9tait de 1 500 hectares, soit seulement 2 % du record historique de 73 330 hectares atteint en 1997. \u00ab Nos exploitations sont petites \u00bb, indique Gkouderis, \u00ab la taille moyenne est de 1 hectare \u00bb. Les quatre principales r\u00e9gions de production sont la Mac\u00e9doine orientale et la Thrace (750 ha), la Mac\u00e9doine centrale (600 ha), la Gr\u00e8ce occidentale (140 ha) et le P\u00e9loponn\u00e8se (50 ha). La production d\u2019asperges blanches est concentr\u00e9e dans les trois premi\u00e8res r\u00e9gions, tandis que l\u2019asperge verte est essentiellement cultiv\u00e9e dans la derni\u00e8re. La culture diminue r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement en Mac\u00e9doine orientale et, plus fortement encore, en Thrace, en raison des difficult\u00e9s culturales, du manque de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre, du co\u00fbt \u00e9lev\u00e9 du travail et de l\u2019implantation de la culture, ainsi que de la concurrence d\u2019autres cultures, comme le kiwi, mieux adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 ces zones. En revanche, la surface d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019asperge a augment\u00e9 ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es en Mac\u00e9doine centrale, car les grossistes y ont mis en place des incitations \u00e9conomiques pour encourager la mise en culture. De plus, cette r\u00e9gion \u00e9tant d\u00e9j\u00e0 ax\u00e9e sur la production fruiti\u00e8re extensive, les producteurs ont peu d\u2019alternatives rentables. \u00ab \u00c0 Aridaia, ma r\u00e9gion, la surface en asperges augmente de 30 hectares par an \u00bb, pr\u00e9cise-t-il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les exportations vont principalement vers l\u2019Allemagne et les Pays-Bas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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D. Gkouderis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019asperge blanche repr\u00e9sente 95 % de la production grecque. Elle est r\u00e9colt\u00e9e de fin f\u00e9vrier \u00e0 fin avril, voire d\u00e9but mai, tandis que l\u2019asperge verte, qui ne repr\u00e9sente que 5 %, est r\u00e9colt\u00e9e de d\u00e9but mars \u00e0 d\u00e9but juin. Le rendement moyen en Gr\u00e8ce est de 10 tonnes par hectare pour l\u2019asperge blanche et de 7 tonnes par hectare pour la verte. Soixante pour cent de la production est commercialis\u00e9e par des grossistes et le reste par des groupements de producteurs, explique Gkouderis. En mars 2023, les prix pay\u00e9s par les grossistes aux producteurs variaient entre 3,50 \u20ac\/kg dans certaines zones et 5,50 \u20ac\/kg dans d\u2019autres, les prix les plus bas \u00e9tant observ\u00e9s dans les zones o\u00f9 la r\u00e9colte venait de commencer et o\u00f9 la qualit\u00e9 n\u2019\u00e9tait pas encore stabilis\u00e9e. En 2022, la Gr\u00e8ce a export\u00e9 5 746 tonnes d\u2019asperges, principalement vers l\u2019Allemagne (90 %) et les Pays-Bas (10 %). \u00ab Nous ne sommes pas un march\u00e9 tr\u00e8s important, donc nous n\u2019importons pas d\u2019asperges \u00bb, ajoute-t-il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Particularit\u00e9s de la culture de l\u2019asperge en Gr\u00e8ce<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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D. Gkouderis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En fonction des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s, on plante g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 13 000 et 15 000 griffes par hectare en Gr\u00e8ce, avec un espacement entre les rangs de 2,2 \u00e0 2,5 m\u00e8tres. La profondeur de plantation, qui \u00e9tait autrefois de 25 cm, a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9duite \u00e0 18\u201320 cm afin de favoriser la pr\u00e9cocit\u00e9. Quatre-vingts pour cent des exploitations sont \u00e9quip\u00e9es de goutte-\u00e0-goutte et de nombreuses applications de ferti-irrigation sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9es. L\u2019utilisation de films plastiques noirs et blancs pour recouvrir les rangs est tr\u00e8s courante, 60 \u00e0 70 % des producteurs y ajoutent des mini-tunnels. Pour gagner encore en pr\u00e9cocit\u00e9, certains ajoutent une seconde couche de plastique au-dessus des tunnels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La p\u00e9nurie de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre : principal probl\u00e8me<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Il n\u2019existe pas encore de m\u00e9thode de r\u00e9colte m\u00e9canique, la cueillette reste donc manuelle et repr\u00e9sente \u00ab un co\u00fbt tr\u00e8s important pour les producteurs \u00bb. Le salaire est de 35 \u20ac pour 8 heures de travail, incluant une pause d\u2019une heure. Les charges sociales augmentent ce co\u00fbt de 10 %, mais ne sont pas toujours appliqu\u00e9es \u00ab car de nombreux ouvriers travaillent ill\u00e9galement \u00bb. La main-d\u2019\u0153uvre saisonni\u00e8re provient des pays voisins, principalement d\u2019Albanie, avec une proportion tr\u00e8s faible de travailleurs grecs. Gkouderis estime que la p\u00e9nurie croissante de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre est le principal probl\u00e8me pour les producteurs grecs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ravageurs et maladies de l\u2019asperge<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En ce qui concerne les maladies foliaires, les principales en Gr\u00e8ce sont Stemphylium botryosum, Puccinia asparagi et Botrytis cinerea, tandis que les maladies touchant les racines sont caus\u00e9es par Fusarium spp. et Helicobasidium purpureum (syn. Rhizoctonia violacea). Les principaux ravageurs sont Zeyzera pyrina, Parahypopta caestrum, Ophiomyia simplex, les esp\u00e8ces de Lygus, les thrips et les acariens.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

At the International Asparagus Meeting, held as part of the asparagus and berry show, ExpoSE in Karlsruhe, Germany, on November 23, 2022, Dimitris Gkouderis, a technical consultant from Greek agricultural supplies firm Nova Green, shared facts and figures on asparagus cultivation in Greece.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":36732,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"news_categories":[53],"class_list":["post-34228","news","type-news","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","news_categories-production"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nComment les Grecs cultivent les asperges - Befve & Co<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/befve.com\/es\/news\/how-the-greeks-grow-asparagus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comment les Grecs cultivent les asperges - 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